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Essay Writing - Points For Consideration
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Essay Writing - Points For Consideration
First choose the topic that you have knowledge about. The information that you have on the subject may not be enough, therefore, before getting down to writing, collect as much information you can through libraries and by online surfing.
Then decide whether you want to discuss on the topic or you want to make it informative or you want to analyze the subject and give your views on it. This is essential as this would only create the impression that you want to. Convincing a reader to believe what you have written is necessary. Otherwise it is useless investing your time in writing.
Plan the outline properly. First focus the attention on how you are going to start the topic. The starting must be such that the reader is forced to read what you have written ahead. Then set in your mind all the points that you will discuss in the essay and those must be done one by one. Every single issue must be discussed in a different and short paragraph. At the end when you are about the end the article write in short what all you have said in the essay from beginning to the end. It means that the last paragraph must be like the summary of the essay.
Other important points that you must consider when you are writing an essay is that if you want to make it attractive then begin with asking questions to the reader. This will put the reader's mind into action to think about what is he is reading on. This is an easy way to attract the readers.
Always discuss the most important point in the starting and then step by step move to the point that is of least importance. This means that you have to organize all the points before writing them. Each and every paragraph where you discuss any point must force the reader to stay linked to the essay. The impression of the sentences written by you must be such that the reader must be convinced in a manner that he is forced to take an action as per the opinions suggested by you.
And last but not the least the essay must be written in a fluent pattern in simple English language that can be understood by all the readers. The essay must be thoroughly checked for grammatical and spelling errors before the writer is submitting them. To improve on writing essays one must keep practicing by writing regularly and reading the essays written by other writers. This would help generate new ideas and also will make you think on the points which the other writer has made flaws in, so that, you do not make them.
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An academic essay is a document or text written in order to:
1. Analyze a topic closely
2. Develop a point of view in relation to that topic through research and thought
3. Persuade your reader that the point of view you have developed is well supported by the ideas and
information you present
Essays have three main parts or stages:
The initial statement of the point of view that you have developed in response to the topic
(sometimes called the thesis statement). This part of the essay is the introduction.
The argument or arguments which are presented to support this point of view. This part is the body of the essay.
The summary of the arguments and the restatement of the overall point of view that has been
developed. This part of the essay is the conclusion.
Writing the Essay
When preparing an essay you undertake a number of different activities:
1. Choosing a question
2. Analyzing the question
3. Making an initial plan
4. Locating resources
5. Reading and noting
6. Writing the first draft
7. Revising and redrafting.
You may find that you move backwards and forwards among these activities. For example, when you are writing your first draft you may constantly refer back to your analysis of the question to make sure you are answering the question. Sometimes as you read you discover ideas that you hadn’t thought of or come across previously, and so you may need to locate further resources.
Choosing a question
If you have a choice of essay questions you might consider the following factors when deciding which essay to do:
1. Which topics interest you most?
2. Which topics have good resource materials available?
3. Which topics are most relevant to you personally or professionally?
4. Which topics might be easiest for you to write about?
Essay Writing - Points For Consideration
Essay Writing - Points For Consideration
By Pirasanth Ravi
First choose the topic that you have knowledge about. The information that you have on the subject may not be enough, therefore, before getting down to writing, collect as much information you can through libraries and by online surfing.
Then decide whether you want to discuss on the topic or you want to make it informative or you want to analyze the subject and give your views on it. This is essential as this would only create the impression that you want to. Convincing a reader to believe what you have written is necessary. Otherwise it is useless investing your time in writing.
Plan the outline properly. First focus the attention on how you are going to start the topic. The starting must be such that the reader is forced to read what you have written ahead. Then set in your mind all the points that you will discuss in the essay and those must be done one by one. Every single issue must be discussed in a different and short paragraph. At the end when you are about the end the article write in short what all you have said in the essay from beginning to the end. It means that the last paragraph must be like the summary of the essay.
Other important points that you must consider when you are writing an essay is that if you want to make it attractive then begin with asking questions to the reader. This will put the reader's mind into action to think about what is he is reading on. This is an easy way to attract the readers.
Always discuss the most important point in the starting and then step by step move to the point that is of least importance. This means that you have to organize all the points before writing them. Each and every paragraph where you discuss any point must force the reader to stay linked to the essay. The impression of the sentences written by you must be such that the reader must be convinced in a manner that he is forced to take an action as per the opinions suggested by you.
And last but not the least the essay must be written in a fluent pattern in simple English language that can be understood by all the readers. The essay must be thoroughly checked for grammatical and spelling errors before the writer is submitting them. To improve on writing essays one must keep practicing by writing regularly and reading the essays written by other writers. This would help generate new ideas and also will make you think on the points which the other writer has made flaws in, so that, you do not make them.
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Различные пути в подготовке учащихся к написанию писем
(в формате ЕГЭ)
Часть 1 –написание
личного письма
В последнее время многие учителя , используя различную методическую литературу, ищут пути
повышения эффективности обучения
учащихся письму.
Если обратиться к формату ЕГЭ, то он включает два задания:
- Написание письма личного характера (100-140 слов)
- Написание эссе с элементами рассуждения (200-250 слов)
Сначала рассмотрим стратегии выполнения этой части экзамена.
Стратегии
выполнения этой части экзамена
1. Внимательно прочитайте задание
и выделите главные вопросы, о которых нужно написать определите формат
письменного задания ( вид письма и тип
сочинения)
2. Определите, кому адресовано
письмо и выберите соответствующий стиль письма .
3. Составьте план письма / сочинения и подберите необходимые слова и выражения.
4. Пишите в соответствии с планом и помните о делении
текста на абзацы.
5. Старайтесь использовать не только простые предложения,
но и сложноподчинённые, используя средства логической связи.
6. Старайтесь правильно употреблять временные формы
глагола, используйте разнообразные грамматические структуры.
7. Внимательно проверьте
работу, обращая внимание на следующие моменты:
·
Соблюдается ли формат и стиль высказывания;
·
Логично ли текст делится на абзацы;
·
Правильно ли использованы средства связи внутри
предложений, между
предложениями, между абзацами;
·
Проверьте правильность написания каждого слова
Для
успешного выполнения этого задания, можно наметить различные пути:
1й путь- опора на модель. Модели хорошо представлены в
современных УМК (как отечественных, так и зарубежных авторов) в разделах Writing Help.
В качестве примера можно посмотреть Opportunities (Michael Harris
and others), State Exam , Maximiser ( Е.Н.Соловова, И.Е.Солокова), Practice Tests for the Russian State Exam
( Elena Klekovkina and others) и другие. Последние два источника, на мой
взгляд, самые удачные для подготовки к ЕГЭ.
2й путь- опора на клише.
Клише разрабатываются самим учителем , опираясь на собственный опыт или на опыт
коллег.
3й путь- опора на
предварительные упражнения, которые можно взять готовые из УМК или составить самостоятельно. Какой путь
лучше ? Моё мнение- использование всех
путей.
Что касается 1го пути,-
использование модели, то я не буду
останавливаться, так как наши и зарубежные УМК изобилуют такими
моделями. Я хочу начать с клише.
Клише для написания личного
письма ( в формате ЕГЭ)
Для начала познакомимся со структурой и образцом написания
Структура письма
№
|
Что требуется в письме
|
Рекомендации
|
Примеры
|
1
|
Адрес
Address
|
Адрес пишущего указывается в правом верхнем углу
·
В принятом в
Великобритании порядке: номер квартиры, корпуса, дома, улица, почтовый индекс,
страна
·
Слова Flat, Block, Street,
Avenue, Prospect пишут с заглавной буквы
Можно пользоваться общепринятыми сокращениями,
которые тоже пишут с заглавной буквы ( Fl, Apt, St, Ave, Pr)
|
(полный)
Flat 5 Block 1
12 Grazhdansky Pr
StPetersburg 195299
Russia
(краткий)
StPetersburg
Russia
|
2
|
Дата
Date
|
Под адресом дата (пропустив строку)
·
Можно писать
цифрами или буквами
·
Названия
месяцев пишут с заглавной буквы
В зависимости от задания (адресата) можно писать
британский вариант: дата/ месяц/ год
или американский вариант :
месяц / дата / год
|
Saturday, March 1st, 1999
9 September 1999
|
3
|
Обращение
Greeting
|
Письмо начинается с обращения, после которого ставят
запятую. (с новой строки, пропустив строку)
|
Dear Sally,
Dear Mr Brown,
My darling,
|
4
|
Начало письма
Introduction
|
В начале письма автор обычно
·
Благодарит
адресата за ранее полученную корреспонденцию
·
Извиняется, что
не писал раньше
|
Thanks for…, Many thanks
for…, How nice of you …, I was awfully glad to get your letter…
I must apologise for not writing…,
I really should have written
sooner….
|
5
|
Основная
часть письма
Main Body
|
В
ней должны быть раскрыты все аспекты, указанные в задании. Каждый параграф пишут с новой строки, пропустив
строчку.
|
|
6
|
Конец
письма
Conclusion
|
В
конце письма автор упоминает о дальнейших контактах. (с новой строки, пропустив
строку)
|
I’ll write again soon.
Looking forward to seeing
you.
Hope to hear from you soon.
|
7
|
Завершающая
фраза письма
Ending
|
Эта
фраза зависит от степени близости автора и адресата, после неё всегда
ставится запятая.
(с
новой строки, пропустив строку)
|
I love you so much,
Lots of love, Much love,
Best wishes, All the best,
Yours…..,
|
8
|
Подпись
автора
|
Личные
письма подписывают без указания фамилии (с новой строки, пропустив строку)
|
Sally , David
|
Образец написания письма
|
·
Greeting
- never begin Dear friend / Pen friend; write
the name Dear Jane,
·
Introduction
- reasons
for writing; / - an apology for a delay in writing / - a thank you to
the person for his last letter
·
Main Body
- divide
your letter into paragraphs and include
2-3 points in each paragraph
·
Conclusion
-an excuse to stop writing/ - greetings to
the person’s family ( friends) /
- an invitation/ - a promise to write again soon,
/ - a
request to the person to reply soon
·
Ending
- Lots
of love/ Best wishes + your first name
|
Useful Vocabulary
Вводные фразы
|
Заключительные фразы
|
·
It was great to get your letter….
·
Thanks for your letter. It was great / lovely to hear from you.
·
Thanks for your long letter. It was really great to hear all your news, after not
hearing from you for ages…..
·
Sorry I haven’t written for so long but…..
·
I’m very sorry about not replying to your letter
sooner but I’ve been extremely busy.
·
Sorry for not writing earlier but I’ve………
·
How are things with you? I’m sorry I haven’t written
for so long, but ……
·
I was really pleased to hear that….
·
I thought I’d better write and tell you about….
|
·
I would really like you to visit me this summer.
Write to me and tell me your plans.
·
Thanks for sending me… Please write to me again
soon, and tell me all your news.
·
Please give/send my regards (love) to your…. And
write and tell me your plans for….
·
I would really love to see you. Why don’t you come
and visit me this….. Write back soon!
·
If you want to know anything else, just drop me a
line.
·
Well, that’s all for now. Do write back soon.
·
That’s all my news for now…
|
Письма с просьбой дать совет
Asking for advice
Вводные фразы
|
Заключительные фразы
|
Formal
·
I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice
about…
·
I am writing to ask
if you could help me with…
·
I am writing to ask for your advice.
·
Could you possibly offer your advice?
·
Could you please give me your advice?
·
I am writing to request some advice concerning…
·
I would be grateful if you could offer your advice.
·
I wonder if you could help me with a problem…
Informal
·
I am writing
to ask for your advice.
·
Can you give
me your advice?
·
Give me your advice about….
·
Can you think of anything that…?
·
I’ve got a problem and I need your advice
·
I’ve got a problem, and I think you can help.
|
Formal
·
I would be grateful
if you could give me your advice as soon as possible
·
I look forward to receiving your advice.
·
It would be of great help if you could advise me.
·
I would greatly appreciate your assistance in this
matter.
·
I would appreciate it if you could give me your advice
as soon as possible.
Informal
·
What do you think I should do?
·
Give me
/ Send me your advice soon.
·
Do you think I should…?
·
Do you have any idea about…?
·
Please let me know what to do
·
Please let me know what you think I should do
·
I’d like to know what you think about…
·
Write back soon and tell me what you think.
·
Your advice would help me a lot.
|
Письма-советы
Giving advice
Вводные фразы
|
Фразы основной части
|
Заключительные фразы
|
Formal
·
Thank you for your letter requesting….
·
I am writing in reply to your letter asking for advice
about……..
·
I am writing with regard to your letter requesting advice
concerning….
Informal
·
I ‘m sorry to hear ..…and I think I can help.
·
Cheer up / Don’t worry too much.
·
Don’t let it get you down
·
I’m only too glad to help.
·
I just got your letter and I think……
·
Here’s what I think you should do.
|
Formal
·
I strongly recommend that…….
·
I would suggest that………
·
I believe the best course of action is….
·
I would advise you to………
·
You should / ought to……..
·
If I were you I would………
Informal
·
Why don’t you……….?
·
If I were you / in your position, I’d…../ I
wouldn’t…..
·
Have you thought of / about ……+ Ving?
·
Don’t forget to….
·
It would be a good idea to………
·
What you should do is…
·
How about + Ving………?
What about + Ving…..?
·
I think you should……
·
The best advice I can give you is………
·
Another good idea is to……
|
Formal
·
I trust you will accept this advice
·
I hope this advice will be of help
·
I hope to have been of assistance to you/
·
I would very
much like to know if this advice was helpful
/ has been of some use.
Informal
·
I hope that this / my advice helps.
·
Let me know what happens.
·
Let me know how it went.
·
Let’s hope that things get better
·
Let’s hope that everything turns out all right.
·
Hope this helped.
·
If you do this, you would…….
|
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